hen Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte , vol. 4 (Stuttgart: Klett-Verlag für Wissen und Bildung, 1993), 487.
21 Wadsworth and Mann, The Cotton Trade , 187.
22 For an overview of that trade see Elena Frangakis-Syrett, “Trade Between the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe: The Case of Izmir in the Eighteenth Century,” New Perspectives on Turkey 2 (1988): 1–18; Baines, History of the Cotton Manufacture , 304; Mann, The Cotton Trade of Great Britain , 23. Ellison 错误地断言“直到上个世纪结束前大约二十年，进口到英国的棉花几乎完全来自地中海，主要来自士麦那”; see Thomas Ellison, The Cotton Trade of Great Britain: Including a History of the Liverpool Cotton Market (London and Liverpool: Effingham Wilson, 1886), 81. On Thessaloniki see Nicolas Svoronos, Le commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siècle (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1956); Manchester Cotton Supply Association, Cotton Culture in New or Partially Developed Sources of Supply: Report of Proceedings (Manchester: Cotton Supply Association, 1862), 30, as quoted in Oran Kurmus, “The Cotton Famine and Its Effects on the Ottoman Empire,” in Huri Islamoglu-Inan, ed., The Ottoman Empire and the World-Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 161; Resat Kasaba, The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988), 21. 关于一般背景，见 Bruce McGowan, Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for Land, 1600–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
23 Wadsworth and Mann, The Cotton Trade , 183; “Allotment of goods to be sold by the Royal African Company of England,” Treasury Department, T 70/1515, National Archives of the UK, Kew.
24 Wadsworth and Mann, The Cotton Trade , 186; Lowell Joseph Ragatz, Statistics for the Study of British Caribbean Economic History, 1763–1833 (London: Bryan Edwards Press, 1927), 22; Lowell Joseph Ragatz, The Fall of the Planter Class in the British Caribbean (New York: Century Co., 1928), 39.
25 关于奥斯曼帝国清楚的讨论，